SeparateBrush

Ren Essential Moroccan Rose Oil

2006-12-07T00:50:00.000-08:00

This is one of the most amazing natural bath oils I have used. It is a rich, sensuous and luxurious. Only a small amount of the Moroccan Otto Rose Oil in the bath will fill the room with this incredible smell. This rose oil really penetrates the skin during the bath leaving it soft as silk and with the beatiful scent of the rose oil

Aeschylus

2005-03-17T14:27:00.000-08:00

Aeschylus grew up in the turbulent period when the Athenian democracy, having thrown off its tyranny (the absolute rule of one man), had to prove itself against both self-seeking politicians at home and invaders from abroad. Aeschylus himself took part in his city's first struggles against the invading Persians. Later Greek chroniclers believed that Aeschylus was

Adam De La Halle,

2005-03-14T13:59:00.000-08:00

Adam's Jeu de la feuillée (“Play of the Greensward”) is a satirical fantasy based on his own life, written to amuse his friends in Arras upon his departure for Paris to pursue his studies. Le Congé (“The Leave Taking”) expresses his sorrow at leaving his wife and his native

Asahara, Shoko

2005-03-13T09:57:00.000-08:00

Chizuo Matsumoto, who changed his name to Shoko Asahara, was born in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan,

Gobelin Family,

2005-03-10T06:33:00.000-08:00

Who ran a factory in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel just southeast of Paris, discovered a scarlet dyestuff and spared no expense to exploit his creation. His descendants seem to have given up dyeing by the end of the 16th century; some of them bought titles of nobility

Suceava

2005-03-08T17:30:00.000-08:00

Judet (county), northeastern Romania, and bounded on the north by Ukraine. The Eastern Carpathian Mountains and the sub-Carpathians occupy the western two-thirds of the county, and the Suceava Plateau lies in the east. The Siret River flows southeastward, marking the county's eastern border, and the Suceava and Bistrita rivers also drain southeastward. Suceava (q.v.) city

Kuei-lin

2005-03-07T20:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kweilin , formerly Lin-kuei , Pinyin Guilin , or Lingui large city in northeastern Kwangsi Chuang autonomous ch'ü (region), China. It stands on the west bank of the Kuei River, which is a tributary of the Hsi. The natural route centre of the Kuei River basin, Kuei-lin lies along the easiest of all the routes leading from central China to Kwangtung province—that between the headwaters of the Hsiang River in Hunan province and

Ashland

2005-03-04T07:52:00.000-08:00

Settled in 1815 as Poage's Settlement, it was renamed (1854) in honour of Henry Clay's home in Lexington, Kentucky. Ashland's proximity to coal and timber regions

Sankt Michael

2005-03-03T02:12:00.000-08:00

Also called Michaeliskirche, basilican church in Hildesheim, Ger., that was built between 1010 and 1033 under Bishop Bernward, famous teacher and confidant of the Holy Roman emperor Otto III. The church is one of the most important examples of Ottonian architecture. The church was damaged in World War II but has since been restored to its original appearance.

Caracalla

2005-03-01T21:47:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Caracallus, byname of Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until AD 196) Septimius Bassianus, also called (AD 196–198) Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar Roman emperor, ruling jointly with his father, Septimius Severus, from 198 to 211 and then alone from 211 until his assassination in 217. His principal achievements were his colossal baths in Rome and his edict of 212, giving Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Caracalla, whose reign contributed to the decay

Scheer, Reinhard

2005-02-26T18:48:00.000-08:00

Scheer entered the German navy in 1879 and by 1907 had become the captain of a battleship. He became chief of staff of the High Seas Fleet under Henning von Holtzendorff in 1910 and commander of a battle squadron in 1913. After the outbreak of World War I, he

Bermuda Race

2005-02-24T07:00:00.000-08:00

One of the world's major ocean races for sailing yachts. Originating in 1906, it has been held biennially since 1924 (except during World War II); since 1936 it has covered the 635-nautical-mile (1,176-kilometre) distance from Newport, R.I., U.S., to Bermuda. The race is cosponsored by the Cruising Club of America and the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club, with the winners determined by a handicapping formula.

Wu-chou

2005-02-22T13:35:00.000-08:00

Formerly (1913–46) Ts'ang-wu, Pinyin Wuzhou, or Cangwu, city on the eastern border of the Kwangsi Chuang autonomous ch'ü (district), southern China. Wu-chou is situated at the confluence of the Hsi River with its northern tributary, the Kuei River. The city occupies a location of strategic and economic importance because it dominates the principal route between Kwangsi and southwest China as well as the Canton area along

Botanical Garden

2005-02-20T04:16:00.000-08:00

Also called Botanic Garden, originally, a collection of living plants designed chiefly to illustrate relationships within plant groups. In modern times, most botanical gardens are concerned primarily with exhibiting ornamental plants, insofar as possible in a scheme that emphasizes natural relationships. Thus, the two functions are blended: eye appeal and taxonomic order. Plants that

Biological Development, Length and timing of the reproductive phase

2005-02-19T06:17:00.000-08:00

Natural selection results in the production by one generation of offspring that are able to survive and reproduce themselves to form a further generation. The time unit appropriate to natural selection is therefore the generation interval. There will always be some natural selective pressure for the shortening of the generation interval, simply out of a natural

M.v.o.

2005-02-17T09:21:00.000-08:00

Member, either fourth or fifth class, of the Royal Victorian Order. This rank of the order does not confer knighthood. See Royal Victorian Order.

Hierta, Lars Johan

2005-02-15T14:40:00.000-08:00

Hierta's work as a clerk for the noble estate of the Riksdag (estates assembly) in the 1820s acquainted him with the operation of the increasingly conservative Swedish regime and made him its critic. He established the Aftonbladet (“Evening

Canary Islands

2005-02-13T13:59:00.000-08:00

Spanish Islas Canarias comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Spain, consisting of an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest island being 67 miles (108 km) off the northwest African mainland. The Canaries comprise the Spanish provincias of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, as well as the insular councils of Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera, and

Shubra Al-khaymah

2005-02-11T08:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Shubra El-kheima, northern suburb of Cairo, in al-Qalyubiyah muhafazah (governorate), on the east bank of the Nile, Lower Egypt. It was formerly a market town supplying Cairo with agricultural produce from the rich, alluvial delta area. In the 1820s Muhammad 'Ali, the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt, built the country's first European-type factories and schools in Shubra al-Khaymah, and it developed as an industrial

Argolis, Gulf Of

2005-02-08T13:55:00.000-08:00

Modern Greek Argolikós Kólpos, deep inlet of the Mirtóön Sea, a western arm of the Aegean, eastern Peloponnese, Greece; it is separated from the Gulf of Saronikós by the Argolís peninsula. Some 30 miles (50 km) long and 20 miles (30 km) wide, it includes some small islands off the eastern shore, notably Psilí and Platiá. At the head of the gulf are its principal port, Nauplia, and the mouth of the Ínakhos River. Just north

Agobard, Saint

2005-02-07T06:29:00.000-08:00

Moving from Spain to southern Gaul in 782, he went to Lyon in 792 and was ordained priest in 804. As archbishop, he was frequently in conflict with the secular powers,

Fibonacci Numbers

2005-02-05T01:54:00.000-08:00

The elements of the sequence of numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, , each of which, after the second, is the sum of the two previous numbers. These numbers were first noted by the medieval Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano (“Fibonacci”) in his Liber abaci (1202; “Book of the Abacus”), which also popularized Hindu-Arabic numerals and the decimal number system in Europe. For information on the interesting

Itsuku Island

2005-02-02T15:55:00.000-08:00

Also called Miya Island , English Shrine Island offshore island, Hiroshima ken (prefecture), Japan, in the Inland Sea. The small island, one of Japan's most scenic spots, is 19 miles (31 km) in circumference and occupies an area of 12 square miles (31 square km). It is best known for its 6th-century Itsuku island-shrine, which was built on tidal land and has the appearance of floating on the sea during high tide. It was named after one of the

Felix Iv (or Iii), Saint

2005-02-02T01:24:00.000-08:00

Pope from 526 to 530. He was elected on July 12 as the choice of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, who had imprisoned Felix' predecessor, St. John I, and who died shortly after Felix' consecration. The new pope ended the controversy over grace at the second Council of Orange (529) by condemning Semi-Pelagianism (see Orange, councils of; Semi-Pelagianism

Alleppey

2005-02-01T19:42:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alappuzha city, southern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies on a narrow land spit between the Arabian Sea and Vembanad Lake, south of Kochi (formerly Cochin). Alleppey's port was opened to foreign trade by the British in the late 18th century to end the commercial supremacy of the Dutch trading post at Porakad, 10 miles (16 km) away. The city's economy is based largely on the coconut. Coconut

Salem

2005-01-30T08:57:00.000-08:00

Nearby oil fields

Ovimbundu

2005-01-29T11:01:00.000-08:00

The ruling families entered the highlands from the northeast in the 17th century, subduing and incorporating the indigenous cattle-keeping peoples. They

Hooghly-chinsura

2005-01-29T01:54:00.000-08:00

Hooghly, also spelled Hugli, was founded by the Portuguese in 1537 following the decline of Satgaon, the mercantile capital of lower Bengal; it was also the first

Alexander I

2005-01-27T14:03:00.000-08:00

Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich emperor of Russia (1801–25), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (1813–15) helped form the coalition that defeated the emperor of the French. He took part in the Congress of Vienna (1814–15), drove for the establishment of the Holy Alliance (1815), and took part in the conferences that

Uhf

2005-01-26T02:16:00.000-08:00

UHF waves are very weakly reflected by the ionized layers of the upper

Frederick Iii

2005-01-25T07:03:00.000-08:00

King of Prussia and German emperor for 99 days in 1888, during which time he was a voiceless invalid, dying of throat cancer. Although influenced by liberal, constitutional, and middle-class ideas, he retained a

Arts, Central Asian, Turkic nomads, Mongols, and Siberian peoples

2005-01-25T07:00:00.000-08:00

This region includes primarily the great open spaces of Central Asia, from the Turkmen desert in the southwest to the Kazak steppes, Mongol plains, and from the Gobi to the vast subarctic Siberian evergreen forests, or taiga, and tundra, or Arctic plains, stretching to the Pacific. The considerable mobility and often close linguistic affinity of the peoples in the

Sholem Aleichem

2005-01-23T04:43:00.000-08:00

Drawn to writing as a youth, he became a private tutor of Russian at the age of 17 and later served as a government rabbi in Lubin. His first writing had been in Russian and Hebrew, but between 1883, when his first story in Yiddish appeared, and his death, he published over 40 volumes of novels, stories, and plays

Lead

2005-01-22T07:16:00.000-08:00

City, Lawrence county, western South Dakota, U.S. It lies in the northern Black Hills, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Rapid City. Situated just southwest of Deadwood at the head of Gold Gulch Run, it spreads out over the tops of the nearby hills. Established in 1876 following the discovery of gold, its name was inspired by the lode mines in the area, a ledge or outcrop of ore being termed a

Aliquippa

2005-01-21T02:59:00.000-08:00

City, Beaver county, western Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River, just northwest of Pittsburgh. Settled about 1750 as a post for trade with Delaware, Iroquois, and Shawnee Indians, it was first known as Logstown and later renamed for “Queen” Aliquippa, probably an Iroquois. After the French and Indian War (1754–63), the Indian peoples lost their title to the land, and Logstown

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, China

2005-01-19T22:39:00.000-08:00

Chinese philosophers from the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) onward often used extended metaphors (from which fable is the logical development) to make their points. This is believed to reflect the fact that, as “realistic” thinkers, the Chinese generally did not favour more abstract argument. Thus simple allegory helped to stimulate audience interest and to increase the force of

Khartoum

2005-01-19T06:25:00.000-08:00

Arabic Al-Khurtum (“Elephant's Trunk”), city, executive capital of The Sudan, just south of the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers. It has bridge connections with its sister towns, Khartoum North and Omdurman, with which it forms The Sudan's largest conurbation. Originally an Egyptian army camp (pitched 1821), Khartoum grew into a garrisoned army town. The Mahdists besieged and destroyed

Yamanouchi Family

2005-01-18T04:24:00.000-08:00

The rise in the Yamanouchi family's fortunes began with Yamanouchi Kazutoyo (1546–1605). For his successes on the battlefield in the service of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, then the most powerful general in Japan, Kazutoyo was rewarded with a small fief. After Hideyoshi's death, Kazutoyo

Vale Of Glamorgan

2005-01-16T15:56:00.000-08:00

County, southern Wales, extending along the Bristol Channel coast west of Cardiff and lying entirely within the historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg). It comprises an undulating coastal platform, with an average elevation of about 200 feet (60 metres), that often terminates abruptly in cliffs at the coast. Along other sections of the coast, however, there are sand

Aeschylus

2005-01-16T06:34:00.000-08:00

The date of this play (and even its authorship) is disputed, but many scholars regard it as a work of Aeschylus' last years. In Prometheus Bound (Greek Prometheus desmotes) the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus has saved mankind and given them fire, is chained to a remote crag as a punishment ordered by the king of the gods. Despite his isolation Prometheus is visited by

Florida

2005-01-15T13:12:00.000-08:00

The surrounding region is characterized by rolling hills. In addition to its

Oberhausen

2005-01-13T17:14:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It is situated on the Rhine-Herne-Kanal, within the densely developed Ruhr industrial belt, and it adjoins Essen (east), Mülheim (south), and Duisberg (southwest). Oberhausen is an important rail junction, and the city also has good autobahn connections with The Netherlands. It is the centre of a network of lines radiating

Metaphor

2005-01-13T00:31:00.000-08:00

The distinction is not simple. The metaphor makes a qualitative leap from a reasonable, perhaps prosaic comparison, to an identification or fusion of two objects, to make one new entity partaking of the characteristics

Habad

2005-01-11T14:00:00.000-08:00

Jewish movement and its doctrine, an offshoot of the religious and social movement known as Hasidism; its name derives from the initial letters of three Hebrew words that distinguish and characterize the movement: hokhma (“wisdom”), bina (“intelligence”), and da'at (“knowledge”). Habad follows the common Hasidic themes of devequt (“attachment”), hitlahavut (“enthusiasm”), and kawwana

Steppe, The

2005-01-09T15:29:00.000-08:00

The military advantages of nomadism became apparent even before the speed and strength of horses had been fully harnessed for military purposes. The early conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2250 BC) and the Amorite invasions of Mesopotamia before 1800 BC attest to the superior force that nomadic or seminomadic peoples held, but the full effect of their military strength came with

Ikeya-seki, Comet

2005-01-09T14:36:00.000-08:00

One of a group of Sun-grazing comets having similar orbits and including the great comet known as 1882 II. Discovered Sept. 18, 1965, by two Japanese amateur astronomers, Ikeya Kaoru and Seki Tsutomu, Ikeya-Seki made its closest approach to the Sun (470,000 kilometres, or about 290,000 miles; less than the Sun's radius) on Oct. 21, 1965. The comet was then bright enough to be seen with the naked eye in daylight. Like

Bothnia, Gulf Of

2005-01-07T21:47:00.000-08:00

Swedish Bottniska Viken, Finnish Pohjan Lahti, northern arm of the Baltic Sea, between Sweden (west) and Finland (east). Covering an area of about 45,200 square miles (117,000 square km), the gulf extends for 450 miles (725 km) from north to south but only 50 to 150 miles (80 to 240 km) from east to west; it is nearly closed off by the Åland (Ahvenanmaa) Islands (south). Its maximum depth is 965 feet (295 m) in the west-central portion; its average depth is only about 200 feet (60 m). Because

Johnson, Samuel

2005-01-07T04:23:00.000-08:00

Samuel Johnson was the son of Michael Johnson, a bookseller, and his wife, Sarah. From childhood he suffered from a number of physical afflictions and could have spoken, as had the 18th-century English poet Alexander Pope, of “this long disease my life.” By his own account, he was born “almost dead,” and he early contracted scrofula (tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands). Because

Vigeland, Gustav

2005-01-05T17:55:00.000-08:00

Vigeland's parents were farmers, and he was apprenticed to a wood-carver when he was 14 years old. His first work was shown in 1889, and, though early influenced by Auguste

Aesthetics, The aesthetic object

2005-01-05T07:32:00.000-08:00

The third approach to aesthetics begins with a class of aesthetic objects and attempts thereafter to show the significance of that class to those who selectively respond to it. The term aesthetic object, however, is ambiguous, and, depending on its interpretation, may suggest two separate programs of philosophical aesthetics. The expression may denote either

Priesthood

2005-01-04T21:49:00.000-08:00

The function of the priest as the mediator and maintainer of the equilibrium between the sacred and the profane in human society, and as the stabilizer of the social structures and the cultic organizations, determines the various criteria for holding the priestly office. In preliterate society the functions are accomplished by ritual experts who are trained

Bonacolsi Family

2005-01-03T03:19:00.000-08:00

The signoria (lordship) of the Bonacolsi was first established by Pinamonte (died 1293), who allied himself with other powerful families to eliminate his rivals

Ageladas

2005-01-02T17:17:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Hageladas sculptor said to have been the teacher of Myron, Phidias, and Polyclitus. This tradition testifies to his wide fame but is historically doubtful.

Condorcet, Marie-jean-antoine-nicolas De Caritat, Marquis De

2004-12-31T20:03:00.000-08:00

He was descended from the ancient family of Caritat, who took their title from Condorcet, a town in Dauphiné. He was educated

Ba

2004-12-31T07:05:00.000-08:00

In ancient Egyptian religion, with ka and akh, a principal aspect of the soul; the ba appears in bird form, thus expressing the mobility of the soul after death. Originally written with the sign of the jabiru bird, and thought to be an attribute of only the god-king, the ba was later represented by a man-headed hawk, often depicted hovering over the mummies of king and populace

Orléans, Louis-philippe, Duc D' (duke Of)

2004-12-29T08:19:00.000-08:00

Having served with distinction from 1742 to 1757, he lived in seclusion and devoted himself to the theatre, patronizing actors and musicians. After his first wife died (1759), he became so passionately enamoured of the Marquise de Montesson that he secured Louis

Islam, The Black Muslims

2004-12-29T02:20:00.000-08:00

After World War II an Islamic movement arose among blacks in the United States; members called themselves the Nation of Islam, but they were popularly known as Black Muslims. Although they adopted some Islamic social practices, the group was in large part a black separatist and social protest movement. Their leader, Elijah Muhammad, who claimed to be an inspired prophet,

Näfels, Battle Of

2004-12-28T09:01:00.000-08:00

(April 9, 1388), major victory for the Swiss Confederation in the first century of its struggle for self-determination against Habsburg overlordship. Though the catastrophic defeat of the Austrians at Sempach in 1386 had been followed by a truce, hostilities against the Habsburgs were subsequently continued by the rebellious men of Glarus, a district that had adhered to the

Hill, A.v.

2004-12-27T19:50:00.000-08:00

In full Archibald Vivian Hill British physiologist and biophysicist who received (with Otto Meyerhof) the 1922 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning the production of heat in muscles. His research helped establish the origin of muscular force in the breakdown of carbohydrates with formation of lactic acid in the

Ebullism

2004-12-25T09:48:00.000-08:00

In the atmospheric pressure at sea level (760 mm of mercury), water boils at 212° F (100° C). When the pressure on a liquid

Frederick, Pauline

2004-12-25T00:36:00.000-08:00

After receiving her A.M. degree in international law from American University, Washington, D.C., Frederick worked as a free-lance reporter on so-called women's issues. She used this experience to gain a foothold in journalism, and after the end of World War II she reported on

Aeolis

2004-12-23T07:03:00.000-08:00

Also called Aeolia, group of ancient cities on the west coast of Anatolia, which were founded at the end of the 2nd millennium BC by Greeks speaking an Aeolic dialect. The earliest settlements, located on the islands of Lesbos and Tenedos and on the mainland between Troas and Ionia, resulted from migrations during 1130–1000 BC. A second group of Aeolian settlements was colonized in the 7th century BC. At the

Ma'an

2004-12-22T14:56:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Jordan. It is a regional trade centre for the sparsely settled southern part of the country, which is inhabited mainly by the Huwaytat and other Bedouin tribes. Ma'an is the chief road and rail junction of southern Jordan. The town lies on the Hejaz-Jordan Railway, which runs north-south and connects to Damascus (Syria) in the north. The part of the rail line south

Earth Sciences, Hydrologic sciences

2004-12-21T03:51:00.000-08:00

The idea that there is a circulatory system within the Earth, by which seawater is conveyed to mountaintops and there discharged, persisted until early in the 18th century. Two questions left unresolved by this theory were acknowledged even by its advocates. How is seawater forced uphill? How is the salt lost in the process?

Marketing, Packaging and branding

2004-12-20T13:27:00.000-08:00

Packaging and branding are also substantial components in the marketing of a product. Packaging in some instances may be as simple as customers in France carrying long loaves of unwrapped bread or small produce dealers in Italy wrapping vegetables in newspapers or placing them in customers' string bags. In most industrialized countries, however, the packaging

Abu Sir

2004-12-19T20:58:00.000-08:00

Zahi Hawass, “Abusir Tomb,” National Geographic, 194(5):102–113 (November 1998).

Shadrinsk

2004-12-18T20:05:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Šadrinsk, city and centre of Shadrinsk rayon (sector) of Kurgan oblast (province), west-central Russia, on the Iset River and the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Founded in 1662, it was chartered in 1781 and today is a manufacturing and agricultural centre, with transport functions. Light engineering, flour milling, and sawmilling are important. Medical and teacher-training colleges are located

Serialism

2004-12-18T17:51:00.000-08:00

In music, technique that has been used in some musical compositions roughly since World War I. Strictly speaking, a serial pattern in music is merely one that repeats over and over for a significant stretch of a composition. In this sense, some medieval composers wrote serial music, because they made use of isorhythm, which is a distinct rhythmic pattern that repeats

Attention

2004-12-17T15:02:00.000-08:00

Attempts to accommodate the selective and intensive aspects of attention and its links with both awareness and more automatic processes have led to the formulation of a number of “two-process” theories of attention. One of the most influential was that advanced by the American psychologists Richard M. Shiffrin and Walter Schneider in 1977 on the basis of experiments

Beit Bridge

2004-12-16T16:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Beitbridge town, southern Zimbabwe. It lies near the bridge named for Alfred Beit, British South African financier, across the Limpopo River. The bridge is situated on the border with Northern province, South Africa, opposite Messina and is a port of entry and a customs and immigration post. The town, founded in 1929, was for many years the terminus of the railway from Pretoria, until a

Hip

2004-12-15T10:02:00.000-08:00

In anatomy, the joint between the thighbone (femur) and the pelvis; also the area adjacent to this joint. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint (q.v.); the round head of the femur rests in a cavity (the acetabulum) that allows free rotation of the limb. Amphibians and reptiles have relatively weak pelvic

Playa

2004-12-13T08:17:00.000-08:00

Enclosed basins of salt and clay accumulation may originate from numerous causes. Tectonic causes include faulting, as in the East African Rift Valley and Death Valley, and warping, as in Lake Eyre in Australia, Lake Chad in central Africa, and Shatt al-Jarid (Chott Djerid) in Tunisia. Wind deflation can produce shallow basins with downwind dunes, as in southeastern Australia.

Tibet

2004-12-13T01:20:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Bod, in full Tibet Autonomous Region, Chinese (Wade-Giles) Hsi-tsang Tzu-chih-ch'ü, (Pinyin) Xizang Zizhiqu historic region and autonomous region of China that is often called “the roof of the world.” It occupies about 471,700 square miles (1,221,600 square kilometres) of the plateaus and mountains of Central Asia, including Mount Everest (Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng). It is bordered by the Chinese provinces of Tsinghai to the northeast, Szechwan to the east, and Yunnan to the southeast; Myanmar (Burma), India,

Arraiolos Rug

2004-12-12T15:23:00.000-08:00

Embroidered floor covering made at Arraiolos, north of Évora in Portugal. The technique is herringbone or cross-stitch on a linen cloth foundation. Early Arraiolos rugs utilized designs derived from the Persians, from whom the Portuguese learned the craft. Portuguese artisans soon replaced these Persian designs with Portuguese folk-art patterns in more limited

Grazzini, Anton Francesco

2004-12-10T23:32:00.000-08:00

Apparently educated in vernacular literature, Grazzini in 1540 took part in the founding of the Accademia degli Umidi (“Academy of the Humid”), the first literary society of the time. He was a contentious individual and became

Costmary

2004-12-10T19:04:00.000-08:00

Also called Bible Leaf, or Ale Cost (Chrysanthemum balsamita), aromatic herb of the aster family (Asteracae) with yellow, button-shaped flowers. Its bitter, slightly lemony leaves may be used fresh in salads and fresh or dried as a flavouring, particularly for meats, poultry, and English ale. The dried leaves are also used as a tea and in potpourris.

Balakirev, Mily

2004-12-09T11:59:00.000-08:00

Balakirev received his early musical education from his mother. He also studied with Alexander Dubuque and with Karl Eisrich, music director to A.D. Ulibishev,

Yogyakarta

2004-12-07T09:23:00.000-08:00

Most of the western half of the special district comprises coastal plains, as much as 15 miles (24 km) wide, consisting of lava and ash soils that are

Bradley, F(rancis) H(erbert)

2004-12-07T08:21:00.000-08:00

Elected to a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, in 1870, Bradley soon became ill with a kidney disease that made him a semi-invalid

Hindustani Language

2004-12-05T18:48:00.000-08:00

Lingua franca of modern India before partition (1947). Based on Khari Boli, a dialect originating in the area around Delhi, Meerut, and Saharanpur, it was spread throughout India by the Mughals and merchants. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the language was strongly promoted by an Englishman, John Borthwick Gilchrist (1759–1841), who wrote a Hindustani dictionary and a number of

Celestine (ii)

2004-12-05T17:51:00.000-08:00

After the death of Calixtus II, the rival houses of Frangipani and Pierleoni struggled for the papal throne. The Pierleonis' candidate, Theobald (who would have been Celestine II), was simultaneously elected pope with the Frangipanis' candidate,

Scandinavian Literature, Romantic Realism

2004-12-04T18:16:00.000-08:00

New elements of reason and realism appeared after the first quarter of the century in the works of Poul Møller, who wrote the first Danish novel on contemporary life, En dansk students eventyr (1824; “The Adventures of a Danish Student”), and dramatic poems and fables, sometimes showing personal disillusionment, and of Steen Steensen Blicher, who in Traekfuglene (1838; “The Birds

Arochukwu

2004-12-02T17:16:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Arochuku, town, Abia state, southern Nigeria. It lies along the road from Calabar to Umuahia. Arochukwu was the headquarters of the Aro, an Igbo (Ibo) subgroup that dominated southeastern Nigeria in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was the seat of the sacred Chuku shrine, the source of a much-feared oracle (called Long Juju by the Europeans) that acted as a judge for the Igbo supreme deity

Gary

2004-12-02T05:13:00.000-08:00

City, Lake county, extreme northwest Indiana, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Lake Michigan in the Calumet district east of Chicago. In 1906 the town (named for Elbert H. Gary, chief organizer of the United States Steel Corporation) was laid out as an adjunct of the company's vast new manufacturing complex. The site was chosen because it lay on navigable water midway between

Maskelyne, John Nevil

2004-12-01T21:39:00.000-08:00

Trained as a watchmaker, Maskelyne became famous in 1865 when he, aided by George A. Cooke, exposed the Davenport Brothers as fraudulent spiritualists.

Teramo

2004-11-30T11:45:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Teramo provincia, Abruzzi regione, central Italy. It lies at the confluence of the Tordino and Vezzola rivers, between the Adriatic Sea and the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain group, northwest of Pescara. Teramo was built on the site of Interamna (Interamnia), a town of the ancient Praetuttii tribe, and was destroyed during the barbarian invasions. It was

Pappataci Fever

2004-11-28T08:53:00.000-08:00

Also called phlebotomus fever, three-day fever , or sandfly fever acute, infectious, febrile disease caused by a phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) and producing temporary incapacitation. It is transmitted to humans by the bloodsucking female sand fly (notably Phlebotomus papatasii, P. perniciosus, and P. perfiliewsi) and is prevalent in the moist subtropical countries of the Eastern Hemisphere lying between latitude 20° and 45° N, particularly

Carter, Mrs. Leslie

2004-11-28T08:13:00.000-08:00

Carter grew up in Dayton, Ohio (from 1870, after her father's death), and was educated at Cooper Seminary. In 1880, at age 17, she married Leslie Carter, a Chicago socialite. Nine years later, after her husband divorced her for infidelity,

Sá-carneiro, Mário De

2004-11-27T17:08:00.000-08:00

Sá-Carneiro studied in Paris at the Sorbonne. His first poems, Dispersão (“Dispersion”), were written in Paris and published in 1914. In the same year he published a novel, A Confissão de Lúcio (“The Confession of Lúcio”), and back in Portugal he

Bhander Plateau

2004-11-26T06:37:00.000-08:00

Plateau in Madhya Pradesh state, north-central India, in the South Central Highlands. Having an area of about 4,000 square miles (10,000 square km), it constitutes a transitional zone between the North Deccan Plateau to the south, the Eastern Plateau to the east, and the alluvial stretch of the Ganges River plains to the north. The plateau is part of the Vindhya Range and is composed

Toowoomba

2004-11-24T00:07:00.000-08:00

City, southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the Great Dividing Range. The principal inland city in the state, Toowoomba is a rail and road junction, tourist resort, service centre for Darling Downs (a livestock, grain, and dairying region of about 3,500,000 acres [1,400,000 hectares]), and site of the Perseverence Creek Water Supply Scheme. The town's industries include engineering works,

Oblate

2004-11-23T22:03:00.000-08:00

(from Latin oblatus, “one offered up”), in Roman Catholicism, a lay person connected with a religious order or institution and living according to its regulations; a minor dedicated by his parents to become a monk according to the Benedictine Rule; or a member of either the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.) or the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales (O.S.F.S.).

Vaasa

2004-11-23T11:25:00.000-08:00

In full Vaasan Lääni, Swedish Vasa Län, lääni (province), western Finland, on the Gulf of Bothnia. The province's land rises from a level but indented coastline through generally forested country, with large cultivated plains, toward an eastern lake region. The timber industry and agriculture are important. The city of Vaasa is the province's administrative capital, main seaport, and largest city. Other important

Anthony, William Arnold

2004-11-22T20:36:00.000-08:00

After studying at Brown (Providence, R.I.) and Yale universities, Anthony taught physics and chemistry at Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio (1867–69); Iowa State Agricultural College, Ames (1869–72); Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (1872–87); and Cooper Union, New York City (1894–1908). While

Van Diemen Gulf

2004-11-20T18:37:00.000-08:00

Inlet of the Timor Sea of the Indian Ocean, indenting Northern Territory, Australia. Measuring 90 mi (145 km) by 50 mi and partially enclosed by Melville Island (northwest) and the Cobourg Peninsula (northeast), it is fronted by the mainland as far west as Cape Hotham (south). Receiving the South and East Alligator and Mary rivers, the gulf has access to the open sea through Clarence

Oblate

2004-11-20T11:39:00.000-08:00

American symphony orchestra based in Pittsburgh, Pa. It was founded as the Pittsburgh Orchestra in 1896; its first conductor was Frederick Archer (1896–98). Music director Victor Herbert (1898–1904) was followed by permanent conductor Emil Paur (1904–10), after which the orchestra was disbanded until 1926, when the newly formed autonomous Pittsburgh Symphony Society presented a concert conducted

Spaak, Paul-henri

2004-11-18T07:08:00.000-08:00

Belgium's foremost statesman in the decades following World War II and a leading advocate of European cooperation. He played a major role in forming the European Economic Community (EEC; now European Community), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and Benelux, the customs union of Belgium, The Netherlands,

Kido Takayoshi

2004-11-18T01:27:00.000-08:00

Born into an influential warrior family, Kido early became active in the politics

Biblical Literature, The Letter of Jeremiah

2004-11-16T22:14:00.000-08:00

The Letter of Jeremiah, like the book of Baruch, was conserved—together with the Greek translation of the Book of Jeremiah—in the Septuagint. The oldest witness of the letter is a fragment of a Greek papyrus, written about 160 BCE and found among the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran. Whether the letter was originally written in Greek or is a translation from Hebrew or Aramaic is difficult

Vienna Circle

2004-11-15T13:09:00.000-08:00

German Wiener Kreis, a group of philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians formed in the 1920s that met regularly in Vienna to investigate scientific language and scientific methodology. The philosophical movement associated with the Circle has been called variously logical positivism, logical empiricism, scientific empiricism, neopositivism, and the unity of science movement.

SeparateBrush

Ren Essential Moroccan Rose Oil

Aeschylus

Adam De La Halle,

Asahara, Shoko

Gobelin Family,

Suceava

Kuei-lin

Ashland

Sankt Michael

Caracalla

Scheer, Reinhard

Bermuda Race

Wu-chou

Botanical Garden

Biological Development, Length and timing of the reproductive phase

M.v.o.

Hierta, Lars Johan

Canary Islands

Shubra Al-khaymah

Argolis, Gulf Of

Agobard, Saint

Fibonacci Numbers

Itsuku Island

Felix Iv (or Iii), Saint

Alleppey

Salem

Ovimbundu

Hooghly-chinsura

Alexander I

Uhf

Frederick Iii

Arts, Central Asian, Turkic nomads, Mongols, and Siberian peoples

Sholem Aleichem

Lead

Aliquippa

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, China

Khartoum

Yamanouchi Family

Vale Of Glamorgan

Aeschylus

Florida

Oberhausen

Metaphor

Habad

Steppe, The

Ikeya-seki, Comet

Bothnia, Gulf Of

Johnson, Samuel

Vigeland, Gustav

Aesthetics, The aesthetic object

Priesthood

Bonacolsi Family

Ageladas

Condorcet, Marie-jean-antoine-nicolas De Caritat, Marquis De

Ba

Orléans, Louis-philippe, Duc D' (duke Of)

Islam, The Black Muslims

Näfels, Battle Of

Hill, A.v.

Ebullism

Frederick, Pauline

Aeolis

Ma'an

Earth Sciences, Hydrologic sciences

Marketing, Packaging and branding

Abu Sir

Shadrinsk

Serialism

Attention

Beit Bridge

Hip

Playa

Tibet

Arraiolos Rug

Grazzini, Anton Francesco

Costmary

Balakirev, Mily

Yogyakarta

Bradley, F(rancis) H(erbert)

Islam, The Black Muslims